International Forum on the DaoDeJing
An introduction to Taoism: Lao Zhi wrote the 'Dao De Jing' thousands of years ago. His philosophy gave rise to the Taoist religion and Taoist practices in China. Taoist propriety and ethics emphasize the Three Jewels of the Tao: compassion, moderation, and humility. Reverence for nature is common in Taoism.
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/ direction / way / method / road / path / principle / truth / reason / skill / method / Tao (of Taoism) / a measure word / to say / to speak / to talk /
/ can / may / able to / certain(ly) / to suit / (particle used for emphasis) /
/ direction / way / method / road / path / principle / truth / reason / skill / method / Tao (of Taoism) / a measure word / to say / to speak / to talk /
/ unusual / extraordinary / extreme / very / exceptional /
/ direction / way / method / road / path / principle / truth / reason / skill / method / Tao (of Taoism) / a measure word / to say / to speak / to talk /
名
/ name / (measure word for persons) / place (e.g. among winners) /
/ can / may / able to / certain(ly) / to suit / (particle used for emphasis) /
/ name / (measure word for persons) / place (e.g. among winners) /
/ unusual / extraordinary / extreme / very / exceptional /
/ name / (measure word for persons) / place (e.g. among winners) /
有
/ to have / there is / there are / to exist / to be /
/ -less / not to have / no / none / not / to lack / un- /
/ each other / one another / mutually /
/ to be born / to give birth / life / to grow /
/ difficult (to...) / problem / difficulty / difficult / not good /
/ (surname) / change / easy / simple /
/ each other / one another / mutually /
/ finish / complete / accomplish / become / turn into / win / succeed / one tenth /
长短
/ length / duration / accident / right and wrong / good and bad /
/ each other / one another / mutually /
/ to appear / to look / form / shape /
/ high / tall /
/ under / second (of two parts) / next (week, etc.) / lower / below / underneath / down(wards) / to decline / to go down / latter /
/ each other / one another / mutually /
/ to overturn / to collapse / to lean / to tend / to incline / to pour out /
知
/ to know / to be aware /
/ man / person / people /
/ -ist, -er (person) / person (who does sth) /
/ wisdom / knowledge /
/ from / self / oneself / since /
/ to know / to be aware /
/ -ist, -er (person) / person (who does sth) /
/ clear / bright / to understand / next / the Ming dynasty /
知
/ to know / to be aware /
/ foot / to be sufficient /
/ -ist, -er (person) / person (who does sth) /
/ rich /
/ force / break /
/ -ist, -er (person) / person (who does sth) /
/ to have / there is / there are / to exist / to be /
/ the will /
大
/ big / huge / large / major / great / wide / deep / oldest / eldest /
/ straight / vertical / frank / directly / straightly / upright /
/ to seem / like / as / if /
/ bent / feel wronged /
/ big / huge / large / major / great / wide / deep / oldest / eldest /
/ opportunely / coincidentally / as it happens / skillful / timely /
/ to seem / like / as / if /
/ awkward / clumsy / dull / inelegant / (polite) my /
/ big / huge / large / major / great / wide / deep / oldest / eldest /
/ dispute / debate / argue / discuss /
/ to seem / like / as / if /
/ large / speak cautiously /
大方
/ generous /
/ -less / not to have / no / none / not / to lack / un- /
/ corner /
/ big / huge / large / major / great / wide / deep / oldest / eldest /
/ device / tool / utensil /
/ evening / night / late /
/ finish / complete / accomplish / become / turn into / win / succeed / one tenth /
这些
/ these /
/ to pass on / to spread / to transmit / to infect / to transfer / to circulate / to pass on / to conduct (electricity) /
/ read aloud /
/ thousand /
/ ancient / old /
/ (possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle) / of /
/ name / (measure word for persons) / place (e.g. among winners) /
/ (a measure word, for sentences or lines of verse) / sentence /
/ to go out / to come out / to occur / to produce / to go beyond / to rise / to put forth / to occur / to happen / (a measure word for dramas, plays, or operas) /
/ from / self / oneself / since /
/ China / Chinese /
/ great / mighty / large /
/ (possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle) / of /
/ early / prior / former / in advance / first /
/ philosophy / wise /
/ Laozi (Chinese philosopher) /
/ (possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle) / of /
/ immortal / immortality /
/ classics / scriptures /
/ moral / morality / virtue /
/ classics / sacred book / pass through / to undergo / scripture /
/ many years /
/ before / in front / ago / former / previous / earlier / front /
/ how / which /
/ is / are / am / yes / to be /
/ (a measure word) / individual /
/ (v) be pregnant; produce offspring /
/ saint /
/ (possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle) / of /
/ age / era / epoch / period /
/ although / even though /
/ humanity / human race / mankind /
/ (located) at / in / exist / (before verbs) immediately involved in / right in the middle of doing /
/ geography /
/ on / up / on top / upon / first (of two parts) / previous or last (week, etc.) / upper / higher / above / previous / to climb / to go into / above / to go up /
/ each other / mutual /
/ to separate / to cut off /
/ but / yet / however / only / merely / still /
/ early / prior / former / in advance / first /
/ philosophy / wise /
/ (plural marker for pronouns and a few animate nouns) /
/ all / both (if two things are involved) / entirely (due to)each / even / already /
/ (negative prefix) / not / no /
/ weigh /
/ and / as well as / but (not) / yet (not) / (shows causal relation) / (shows change of state) / (shows contrast) /
/ like / same / similar / together / alike / with /
/ (subor. part. adverbial) / -ly /
/ quest /
/ catch / receive / suffer /
/ universe /
/ and / together with / with / peace / harmony / union /
/ life (force) /
/ (possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle) / of /
/ real / true / genuine /
/ examine / truth (Buddhist) /
/ (located) at / in / exist / (before verbs) immediately involved in / right in the middle of doing /
/ ancient / old /
/ India /
/ and / together with / with / peace / harmony / union /
/ ancient / old /
/ Greece /
/ to have / there is / there are / to exist / to be /
/ sugar-apple /
/ barley / to moo / usurp /
/ Buddhist nun / (often used in phonetic spellings) /
/ and / together with / with / peace / harmony / union /
/ revive /
/ Gera (city in Germany) /
/ (possessive part.) / (subor. part.) /
/ (located) at / in / exist / (before verbs) immediately involved in / right in the middle of doing /
/ China / Chinese /
/ to have / there is / there are / to exist / to be /
/ Confucius /
/ furthermore / in addition / still / also /
/ Laozi (Chinese philosopher) /
/ Laozi (Chinese philosopher) /
/ couple / pair / to be opposite / to oppose / to face / for / to / correct (answer) / to answer / to reply / to direct (towards sth) / right /
/ universe /
/ and / together with / with / peace / harmony / union /
/ life (force) /
/ real / true / genuine /
/ examine / truth (Buddhist) /
/ (possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle) / of /
/ quest /
/ to concentrate / to centralize / to focus / centralized / concentrated / to put together /
/ to embody / to reflect / to give expression to / to be reflected in / exemplify /
/ (located) at / in / exist / (before verbs) immediately involved in / right in the middle of doing /
/ moral / morality / virtue /
/ classics / sacred book / pass through / to undergo / scripture /
/ actually / place /
/ to show / to make known /
/ (possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle) / of /
/ direction / way / method / road / path / principle / truth / reason / skill / method / Tao (of Taoism) / a measure word / to say / to speak / to talk /
/ within / among / in / middle / center / while (doing sth) / during / China / Chinese /
道
/ direction / way / method / road / path / principle / truth / reason / skill / method / Tao (of Taoism) / a measure word / to say / to speak / to talk /
/ lie in / consist in / depend on /
/ nature / natural / naturally /
/ man / person / people /
/ law / method / way / Buddhist teaching / Legalist / France (abbrev.) /
/ (subor. part. adverbial) / -ly /
/ (subor. part. adverbial) / -ly /
/ law / method / way / Buddhist teaching / Legalist / France (abbrev.) /
/ day / sky / heaven /
/ day / sky / heaven /
/ law / method / way / Buddhist teaching / Legalist / France (abbrev.) /
/ direction / way / method / road / path / principle / truth / reason / skill / method / Tao (of Taoism) / a measure word / to say / to speak / to talk /
/ direction / way / method / road / path / principle / truth / reason / skill / method / Tao (of Taoism) / a measure word / to say / to speak / to talk /
/ law / method / way / Buddhist teaching / Legalist / France (abbrev.) /
/ nature / natural / naturally /
/ direction / way / method / road / path / principle / truth / reason / skill / method / Tao (of Taoism) / a measure word / to say / to speak / to talk /
/ lie in / consist in / depend on /
/ soft /
/ weak / feeble / young / inferior /
/ land under heaven / rule / domination /
/ do not / there is none who /
/ soft /
/ weak / feeble / young / inferior /
/ (surname) /
/ water / river /
/ water / river /
/ good /
/ advantage / benefit / profit / sharp /
/ Wan (surname) / ten thousand / a great number /
/ thing / object / matter /
/ and / as well as / but (not) / yet (not) / (shows causal relation) / (shows change of state) / (shows contrast) /
/ (negative prefix) / not / no /
/ struggle / fight /
/ direction / way / method / road / path / principle / truth / reason / skill / method / Tao (of Taoism) / a measure word / to say / to speak / to talk /
/ lie in / consist in / depend on /
/ temperance /
/ to be born / to give birth / life / to grow /
/ and / as well as / but (not) / yet (not) / (shows causal relation) / (shows change of state) / (shows contrast) /
/ (negative prefix) / not / no /
/ to have / there is / there are / to exist / to be /
/ act as / take...to be / to be / to do / to serve as / to become /
/ and / as well as / but (not) / yet (not) / (shows causal relation) / (shows change of state) / (shows contrast) /
/ (negative prefix) / not / no /
/ rely upon /
/ length / long / forever / always / constantly /
/ and / as well as / but (not) / yet (not) / (shows causal relation) / (shows change of state) / (shows contrast) /
/ (negative prefix) / not / no /
/ slaughter / butcher / govern / rule / official /
/ (N) Wuwei (place in Anhui) /
/ and / as well as / but (not) / yet (not) / (shows causal relation) / (shows change of state) / (shows contrast) /
/ to rule / to govern / to manage / to control / to harness (a river) / cure / treatment / to heal /
/ direction / way / method / road / path / principle / truth / reason / skill / method / Tao (of Taoism) / a measure word / to say / to speak / to talk /
/ lie in / consist in / depend on /
/ lenient / tolerant /
/ good /
/ -ist, -er (person) / person (who does sth) /
/ I / my /
/ good /
/ (literary equivalent of 的) / (subor. part.) / him / her / it /
/ bad / ill / not good at / not to be pooh-poohed / quite impressive /
/ -ist, -er (person) / person (who does sth) /
/ I / my /
/ also /
/ good /
/ (literary equivalent of 的) / (subor. part.) / him / her / it /
/ ocean / sea /
/ to accept / to pay (tax etc.) /
/ hundred /
/ river / creek / plain / an area of level country / Sichuan province (abbrev.) /
/ to have / there is / there are / to exist / to be /
/ to hold / to contain / to allow / appearance / look / countenance /
/ to be / thus / so / therefore / then / only / thereupon /
/ big / huge / large / major / great / wide / deep / oldest / eldest /
/ direction / way / method / road / path / principle / truth / reason / skill / method / Tao (of Taoism) / a measure word / to say / to speak / to talk /
/ lie in / consist in / depend on /
/ harmonious /
/ Wan (surname) / ten thousand / a great number /
/ thing / object / matter /
/ to carry on one's back / to suffer / to betray /
/ (of weather) overcast / Yin / feminine / moon / cloudy / negative (electric.) / shady /
/ and / as well as / but (not) / yet (not) / (shows causal relation) / (shows change of state) / (shows contrast) /
/ to hug / to hold or carry in arms /
/ positive (electric.) / sun /
/ to rinse / to collide / to water / to rush / to dash (against) / to wash out / to charge / highway / public road /
/ air / anger / gas /
/ consider (that) / believe /
/ and / together with / with / peace / harmony / union /
/ to know / to be aware /
/ and / together with / with / peace / harmony / union /
/ to speak / to say /
/ always / ever / often / frequently / common / general / constant /
/ to know / to be aware /
/ always / ever / often / frequently / common / general / constant /
/ to speak / to say /
/ clear / bright / to understand / next / the Ming dynasty /
/ to be born / to give birth / life / to grow /
/ to be born / to give birth / life / to grow /
/ (literary equivalent of 的) / (subor. part.) / him / her / it /
/ direction / way / method / road / path / principle / truth / reason / skill / method / Tao (of Taoism) / a measure word / to say / to speak / to talk /
/ lie in / consist in / depend on /
/ and / together with / with / peace / harmony / union /
/ fine and close /
/ and / together with / with / peace / harmony / union /
/ lie in / consist in / depend on /
/ go through / know well / to connect / to communicate / open /
/ go through / know well / to connect / to communicate / open /
/ (expresses contrast with a previous sentence or clause) / standard / norm / rule / to imitate / to follow / then / principle /
/ harmonious /
/ go through / know well / to connect / to communicate / open /
/ (expresses contrast with a previous sentence or clause) / standard / norm / rule / to imitate / to follow / then / principle /
/ stable / quiet / settled / stabilize / maintain / stabilized / calm and orderly /
/ go through / know well / to connect / to communicate / open /
/ (expresses contrast with a previous sentence or clause) / standard / norm / rule / to imitate / to follow / then / principle /
/ peace and security /
/ go through / know well / to connect / to communicate / open /
/ (expresses contrast with a previous sentence or clause) / standard / norm / rule / to imitate / to follow / then / principle /
/ prosperous / booming (economy) /
道
/ direction / way / method / road / path / principle / truth / reason / skill / method / Tao (of Taoism) / a measure word / to say / to speak / to talk /
/ (possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle) / of /
/ vigor / vitality / drive / spiritual / mental / psychological /
/ (located) at / in / exist / (before verbs) immediately involved in / right in the middle of doing /
/ China / Chinese /
/ history /
/ on / up / on top / upon / first (of two parts) / previous or last (week, etc.) / upper / higher / above / previous / to climb / to go into / above / to go up /
/ initiate / begin /
/ (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) / (completed action marker) /
/ a / an /
/ (n) common studies; school of thought /
/ Taoism /
/ (v) be pregnant; produce offspring /
/ (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) / (completed action marker) /
/ a / an /
/ religion /
/ Taoism / Daoism (Chinese system of beliefs) /
/ direction / way / method / road / path / principle / truth / reason / skill / method / Tao (of Taoism) / a measure word / to say / to speak / to talk /
/ (possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle) / of /
/ vigor / vitality / drive / spiritual / mental / psychological /
/ (v) give, confer upon, bestow /
/ China / Chinese /
/ man / person / people /
/ a virtue /
/ Laozi (Chinese philosopher) /
/ persuade (politically) /
/ I / my /
/ to have / there is / there are / to exist / to be /
/ three / 3 /
/ a jewel or gem / a treasure / precious /
/ one / 1 / single / a / an / entire /
/ to speak / to say /
/ compassionate / gentle / merciful / kind / humane /
/ two / 2 /
/ to speak / to say /
/ frugal / to be in need /
/ three / 3 /
/ to speak / to say /
/ (negative prefix) / not / no /
/ dare /
/ act as / take...to be / to be / to do / to serve as / to become /
/ land under heaven / rule / domination /
/ early / prior / former / in advance / first /
/ execute (a plan) / grasp /
/ ancient / old /
/ (literary equivalent of 的) / (subor. part.) / him / her / it /
/ direction / way / method / road / path / principle / truth / reason / skill / method / Tao (of Taoism) / a measure word / to say / to speak / to talk /
/ to use / according to / so as to / in order to / by / with / because / Israel (abbrev.) /
/ defend / imperial / to drive /
/ today / modern / present / current / this / now /
/ (literary equivalent of 的) / (subor. part.) / him / her / it /
/ to have / there is / there are / to exist / to be /
/ direction / way / method / road / path / principle / truth / reason / skill / method / Tao (of Taoism) / a measure word / to say / to speak / to talk /
/ actually / place /
/ to embody / to reflect / to give expression to / to be reflected in / exemplify /
/ (literary equivalent of 的) / (subor. part.) / him / her / it /
/ (surname) / mountain pass / to close / to shut / to turn off / to concern / to involve /
/ to love / affection / to be fond of / to like /
/ life (force) /
/ (surname) / mountain pass / to close / to shut / to turn off / to concern / to involve /
/ to love / affection / to be fond of / to like /
/ society /
/ (surname) / mountain pass / to close / to shut / to turn off / to concern / to involve /
/ to love / affection / to be fond of / to like /
/ environment / circumstances / surroundings /
/ (possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle) / of /
/ vigor / vitality / drive / spiritual / mental / psychological /
/ to step across / step over /
/ history /
/ to step across / step over /
/ culture / civilization / cultural /
/ to step across / step over /
/ religion /
/ to be / thus / so / therefore / then / only / thereupon /
/ humanity / human race / mankind /
/ (literary equivalent of 的) / (subor. part.) / him / her / it /
/ common / joint / jointly / together / collaborative /
/ vigor / vitality / drive / spiritual / mental / psychological /
/ wealth / riches /
/ current / present / now / nowadays /
/ (literary equivalent of 的) / (subor. part.) / him / her / it /
/ life / age / generation / era / world / lifetime /
/ peace /
/ (interrog. part.) /
/ conflict / clash of opposing forces / contention /
/ like / same / similar / together / alike / with /
/ (located) at / in / exist / (before verbs) immediately involved in / right in the middle of doing /
/ gaiety / gladness / glee / merriment / pleasure / happy / joyous / gay /
/ (interrog. part.) /
/ (n) suffering /
/ (v) exist at the same time /
/ take orders / receive commands /
/ direction / way / method / road / path / principle / truth / reason / skill / method / Tao (of Taoism) / a measure word / to say / to speak / to talk /
/ (possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle) / of /
/ idea /
/ fulfill (a promise) / tread / walk /
/ a row / profession / professional /
/ direction / way / method / road / path / principle / truth / reason / skill / method / Tao (of Taoism) / a measure word / to say / to speak / to talk /
/ (possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle) / of /
/ vigor / vitality / drive / spiritual / mental / psychological /
/ (negative prefix) / not / no /
/ from / self / oneself / since /
/ to see / to meet / to appear (to be sth) / to interview /
/ from / self / oneself / since /
/ is / are / am / yes / to be /
/ from / self / oneself / since /
/ (v) cut down; fell / (v) dispatch an expedition against; descend upon /
/ from / self / oneself / since /
/ boast / esteem / sympathize /
/ to know / to be aware /
/ and / together with / with / peace / harmony / union /
/ to know / to be aware /
/ always / ever / often / frequently / common / general / constant /
/ to know / to be aware /
/ foot / to be sufficient /
/ to know / to be aware /
/ to stop / prohibit / till /
/ at once / then / right away / only / (emphasis) / to approach / to move towards / to undertake /
/ can / may / capable / energy / able /
/ to avert / to prevent / to avoid / to refrain from /
/ struggle / war /
/ (adj) poor; miserable /
/ to share /
/ harmonious /
/ peaceful / tranquil / calm / composed / free from worry /
和谐
/ harmonious /
/ world /
/ to use / according to / so as to / in order to / by / with / because / Israel (abbrev.) /
/ direction / way / method / road / path / principle / truth / reason / skill / method / Tao (of Taoism) / a measure word / to say / to speak / to talk /
/ (v) be closely linked; have a connection /
/ to decorate / to embellish / to repair / to build / to study / to write / to cultivate /
/ (literary equivalent of 的) / (subor. part.) / him / her / it /
/ (surname) /
/ body / torso / person / life / status / pregnancy / (a measure word used for clothes) suit /
/ his / her / its / theirs / that / such / it (refers to sth preceding it) /
/ Germany / virtue / goodness / morality / ethics / kindness / favor / character / kind /
/ to be / thus / so / therefore / then / only / thereupon /
/ real / true / genuine /
修
/ to decorate / to embellish / to repair / to build / to study / to write / to cultivate /
/ (literary equivalent of 的) / (subor. part.) / him / her / it /
/ (surname) /
/ furniture / tool /
/ his / her / its / theirs / that / such / it (refers to sth preceding it) /
/ Germany / virtue / goodness / morality / ethics / kindness / favor / character / kind /
/ to be / thus / so / therefore / then / only / thereupon /
/ extra / surplus / remaining / after / I / me /
修
/ to decorate / to embellish / to repair / to build / to study / to write / to cultivate /
/ (literary equivalent of 的) / (subor. part.) / him / her / it /
/ (surname) /
/ country / village /
/ his / her / its / theirs / that / such / it (refers to sth preceding it) /
/ Germany / virtue / goodness / morality / ethics / kindness / favor / character / kind /
/ to be / thus / so / therefore / then / only / thereupon /
/ length / long / forever / always / constantly /
修
/ to decorate / to embellish / to repair / to build / to study / to write / to cultivate /
/ (literary equivalent of 的) / (subor. part.) / him / her / it /
/ (surname) /
/ a state / country or nation /
/ his / her / its / theirs / that / such / it (refers to sth preceding it) /
/ Germany / virtue / goodness / morality / ethics / kindness / favor / character / kind /
/ to be / thus / so / therefore / then / only / thereupon /
/ buxom / good-looking / appearance and carriage of a person /
修
/ to decorate / to embellish / to repair / to build / to study / to write / to cultivate /
/ (literary equivalent of 的) / (subor. part.) / him / her / it /
/ (surname) /
/ land under heaven / rule / domination /
/ his / her / its / theirs / that / such / it (refers to sth preceding it) /
/ Germany / virtue / goodness / morality / ethics / kindness / favor / character / kind /
/ to be / thus / so / therefore / then / only / thereupon /
/ general / popular / everywhere / universal /
The name that can be named, it is not the eternal name.
Existence and non-being mutually come to life, difficulty and simplicity mutually come into being.
Long and short mutually take shape, high and low mutually incline toward each other.
To understand people is to have knowledge, to understand oneself is to have wisdom.
Those who feel content are rich, the strong ones have ambition.
Great straightness appears to be bent, great skill appears to be clumsiness, great debate appears to be unpersuasive talk.
The vast horizons have no corners, great plans are late in completion.
Those famous verses which has been passed on and read aloud for thousands of years come from China's great ancient philosopher Lao Zi's immortal classics "Dao De Jing". More than 2500 years ago, it was an era when saints were born. Even though humans were mutually separated by geography, the ancient philosophers, without even meeting each other, were all searching for the truths of the universe and life. In ancient India and ancient Greece, there were Siddhārtha Gautama and Socrates, in China, there were Confucius and also Lao Zi. Lao Zi's main search for the truths of the universe and life were expressed in the concept of the Tao (or Dao) in his "Dao De Jing".
The Tao lies in nature, people are ruled by the earth, the earth is ruled by the heavens, the heavens are ruled by the Tao, the Tao is ruled by nature. The Tao lies in softness, under the heavens there is nothing softer than water, thus water benefits ten thousand things while not fighting them. The Tao lies in temperance, living without desire, acting without exaggeration, growing without cutting (something off), non-action being the answer. The Tao lies in tolerance, a good person I will treat well, a bad person I will still treat well. The ocean accepts hundreds of rivers, thus the tolerance must be as great. The Tao lies in harmony, ten thousand things reject the Yin and embrace the Yang, creating an aura of harmony. Knowing harmony bespeaks of continuity, knowing continuity bespeaks of brightness. The Tao of each living thing depends on harmony, close harmony lies in mastery, mastery of harmony, mastery of stability, mastery of peace, mastery of prosperity.
The Tao's spirit in China's history initiated a school of thought, Taoism, giving birth to a religion, Taoism (Daoism). The Tao's spirit provide the Chinese people with virtues. Lao Zi said, I have three treasures, one is called benevolence, the second is called moderation, the third is called 'not daring to put oneself above the world' (which also can be interpreted as not daring to act arrogant). The ancient rules of the Tao, even today they can be useful. The spirit of the Tao is embodied in the love of life, love of society, and the love of nature, crossing over history, crossing over cultures, crossing over religions, thus becoming humankind's common spiritual treasure. In today's world, peace and conflict exist together, joy and suffering exist at the same time. Following the Tao's thoughts, the Tao's spirit, not seeing oneself, not being oneself, not finding oneself, not self-boasting, but understanding peace, understanding continuity, understanding sufficiency, understanding constraint, then one would be able to avert struggles and misery, and share a harmonious peace.
A harmonious world, it is connected to the Tao.
Cultivating one's home, one's virtue increases.
Cultivating one's village, one's virtue becomes constant.
Cultivating one's state, one's virtue becomes abundant.
Cultivating the world, one's virtue becomes universal.
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