Confucius, 孟子 (kǒng zǐ)
Written during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (Spring and Autumn Warring States)
子子 曰曰 ： "学学 而而 时时 习习 之之 ，不不 亦亦 说说 乎乎 ?有有 朋朋 自自 远方远方 来来 ，不不 亦亦 乐乐 乎乎 ?人人 不知不知 而而 不不 愠愠 ，不不 亦亦 君子君子 乎乎 ?"
/ 11 p.m.-1 a.m. / 1st earthly branch / child / midnight / son / child / seed / egg / small thing /
/ to speak / to say /
/ learn / study / science / -ology /
/ and / as well as / but (not) / yet (not) / (shows causal relation) / (shows change of state) / (shows contrast) /
/ time / period /
/ to practice / to study / habit /
/ (literary equivalent of 的) / (subor. part.) / him / her / it /
/ (negative prefix) / not / no /
/ also /
/ persuade (politically) /
/ (interrog. part.) /
/ to have / there is / there are / to exist / to be /
/ friend /
/ from / self / oneself / since /
/ (n) distant location /
/ to come /
/ (negative prefix) / not / no /
/ also /
/ (surname) / happy / laugh / cheerful /
/ (interrog. part.) /
/ man / person / people /
/ unknowing(ly) /
/ and / as well as / but (not) / yet (not) / (shows causal relation) / (shows change of state) / (shows contrast) /
/ (negative prefix) / not / no /
/ indignant / feel hurt /
/ (negative prefix) / not / no /
/ also /
/ nobleman / person of noble character /
/ (interrog. part.) /
Confucius says: "When in the act of learning and reviewing, why not be very happy about it? When a friend comes from afar to visit, why not be overjoyed? When one does not feel indignant at a person's ignorance, why would one not be a person of noble character?"
子子 曰曰 ： "温温 故故 而而 知知 新新 ，可以可以 为为 师师 矣矣 。"
/ 11 p.m.-1 a.m. / 1st earthly branch / child / midnight / son / child / seed / egg / small thing /
/ to speak / to say /
/ (luke)warm / to review /
/ happening / instance / reason / cause / deceased / old /
/ and / as well as / but (not) / yet (not) / (shows causal relation) / (shows change of state) / (shows contrast) /
/ to know / to be aware /
/ meso- (chem.) / new / newly /
/ can / may / possible / able to /
/ act as / take...to be / to be / to do / to serve as / to become /
/ a division (milit.) / teacher / master / expert / model /
/ final part. /
Confucius says: "Understanding the past while being aware of the present, that is when one could become a master."
子子 曰曰 ： "学学 而而 不不 思思 则则 罔罔 ；思思 而而 不不 学学 则则 殆殆 。"
/ 11 p.m.-1 a.m. / 1st earthly branch / child / midnight / son / child / seed / egg / small thing /
/ to speak / to say /
/ learn / study / science / -ology /
/ and / as well as / but (not) / yet (not) / (shows causal relation) / (shows change of state) / (shows contrast) /
/ (negative prefix) / not / no /
/ to think / to consider /
/ (expresses contrast with a previous sentence or clause) / standard / norm / rule / to imitate / to follow / then / principle /
/ deceive / there is none /
/ to think / to consider /
/ and / as well as / but (not) / yet (not) / (shows causal relation) / (shows change of state) / (shows contrast) /
/ (negative prefix) / not / no /
/ learn / study / science / -ology /
/ (expresses contrast with a previous sentence or clause) / standard / norm / rule / to imitate / to follow / then / principle /
/ dangerous / perilous / endanger / almost / probably / only /
Confucius says: "To learn without thinking is a waste of effort; to think without learning is dangerous."
子子 贡贡 问问 曰曰 ： "孔孔 文文 子子 何以何以 谓谓 之之 文文 也也 ？" 子子 曰曰 ： "敏敏 而而 好好 学学 ，不不 耻耻 下下 问问 ，是是 以以 谓谓 之之 文文 也也 。"
/ 11 p.m.-1 a.m. / 1st earthly branch / child / midnight / son / child / seed / egg / small thing /
/ tribute / gifts /
/ to ask /
/ to speak / to say /
/ (surname) / hole /
/ language / culture / writing / formal / literary / gentle /
/ 11 p.m.-1 a.m. / 1st earthly branch / child / midnight / son / child / seed / egg / small thing /
/ whence /
/ speak of /
/ (literary equivalent of 的) / (subor. part.) / him / her / it /
/ language / culture / writing / formal / literary / gentle /
/ also / too /
/ 11 p.m.-1 a.m. / 1st earthly branch / child / midnight / son / child / seed / egg / small thing /
/ to speak / to say /
/ keen /
/ and / as well as / but (not) / yet (not) / (shows causal relation) / (shows change of state) / (shows contrast) /
/ good / well /
/ learn / study / science / -ology /
/ (negative prefix) / not / no /
/ shame / disgrace /
/ under / second (of two parts) / next (week, etc.) / lower / below / underneath / down(wards) / to decline / to go down / latter /
/ to ask /
/ is / are / am / yes / to be /
/ to use / according to / so as to / in order to / by / with / because / Israel (abbrev.) /
/ speak of /
/ (literary equivalent of 的) / (subor. part.) / him / her / it /
/ language / culture / writing / formal / literary / gentle /
/ also / too /
Zhi Gong asks, "What does Confucius mean by 'educated'?" Confucius says, "To be keenly fond of learning, to not be ashamed to ask and learn from one's subordinates, that is to be 'educated'."
子子 曰曰 ： "默默 而而 识识 之之 ，学学 而而 不厌不厌 ，诲诲 人人 不倦不倦 ，何何 有有 于于 我我 哉哉 !"
/ 11 p.m.-1 a.m. / 1st earthly branch / child / midnight / son / child / seed / egg / small thing /
/ to speak / to say /
/ silent / write from memory /
/ and / as well as / but (not) / yet (not) / (shows causal relation) / (shows change of state) / (shows contrast) /
/ to know / knowledge /
/ (literary equivalent of 的) / (subor. part.) / him / her / it /
/ learn / study / science / -ology /
/ and / as well as / but (not) / yet (not) / (shows causal relation) / (shows change of state) / (shows contrast) /
/ not mind doing sth / not tire of / not object to /
/ admonish / instruct /
/ man / person / people /
/ tireless / untiring / indefatigable /
/ carry / what / how / why / which /
/ to have / there is / there are / to exist / to be /
/ (surname) /
/ I / me /
/ (exclamatory or interrog. part.) /
Confucius says, "Remember all knowledge that had been learned, do not object to continue learning, and tirelessly instruct people, then there would be no reason for coming to me!"
子 / 11 p.m.-1 a.m. / 1st earthly branch / child / midnight / son / child / seed / egg / small thing / / to speak / to say / / three / 3 / / man / person / people / / a row / profession / professional / / certainly / must / will / necessarily / / to have / there is / there are / to exist / to be / / I / me / / a division (milit.) / teacher / master / expert / model / / where / how / / to select / to choose / to pick / / his / her / its / theirs / that / such / it (refers to sth preceding it) / / good / / -ist, -er (person) / person (who does sth) / / and / as well as / but (not) / yet (not) / (shows causal relation) / (shows change of state) / (shows contrast) / / lax / yielding / unhurried / / (literary equivalent of 的) / (subor. part.) / him / her / it / / his / her / its / theirs / that / such / it (refers to sth preceding it) / / bad / ill / not good at / not to be pooh-poohed / quite impressive / / -ist, -er (person) / person (who does sth) / / and / as well as / but (not) / yet (not) / (shows causal relation) / (shows change of state) / (shows contrast) / / to change / to alter / to transform / to correct / / (literary equivalent of 的) / (subor. part.) / him / her / it /
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