Mencius, 孟子 (mèng zǐ)
Written during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (Spring and Autumn Warring States)
鱼鱼 ， 我我 所所 欲欲 也也 ； 熊掌熊掌 ， 亦亦 我我 所所 欲欲 也也 。 二者二者 不可不可 得得 兼兼 ， 舍舍 鱼鱼 而而 取取 熊掌熊掌 者者 也也 。 生生 ， 我我 所所 欲欲 也也 ， 义义 ， 亦亦 我我 所所 欲欲 也也 。 二者二者 不可不可 得得 兼兼 ， 舍舍 生生 而而 取取 义义 者者 也也 。 生生 亦亦 我我 所所 欲欲 ， 所所 欲欲 有有 甚甚 于于 生生 者者 ， 故故 不不 为为 苟苟 得得 也也 。 死死 亦亦 我我 所所 恶恶 ， 所所 恶恶 有有 甚甚 于于 死者死者 ， 故故 患患 有所有所 不不 避避 也也 。 如如 使使 人人 之之 所所 欲欲 莫莫 甚甚 于于 生生 ， 则则 凡凡 可以可以 得得 生生 者者 何不何不 用用 也也 ？ 使使 人人 之之 所所 恶恶 莫莫 甚甚 于于 死者死者 ， 则则 凡凡 可以可以 避避 患者患者 何不何不 为为 也也 ？ 由由 是是 则则 生生 ， 而而 有有 不用不用 也也 ； 由由 是是 则则 可以可以 避避 患患 ， 而而 有有 不不 为为 也也 。 是是 故故 所所 欲欲 有有 甚甚 于于 生生 者者 ， 所所 恶恶 有有 甚甚 于于 死者死者 。 非非 独独 贤贤 者者 有有 是是 心心 也也 ， 人人 皆皆 有有 之之 ， 贤贤 者者 能能 勿勿 丧丧 耳耳 。 一一 箪箪 食食 ， 一一 豆豆 羹羹 ， 得得 之之 则则 生生 ， 弗弗 得得 则则 死死 。 呼呼 尔尔 而而 与与 之之 ， 行行 道道 之之 人人 弗弗 受受 ； 蹴蹴 尔尔 而而 与与 之之 ， 乞乞 人人 不不 屑屑 也也 。
万万 钟钟 则则 不不 辨辨 礼礼 义义 而而 受受 之之 ， 万万 钟钟 与与 我我 何何 加加 焉焉 ？ 为为 宫宫 室室 之之 美美 ， 妻妻 妾妾 之之 奉奉 ， 所所 识识 穷穷 乏乏 者者 得得 我我 欤欤 ？ 乡乡 为为 身身 死死 而而 不不 受受 ， 今今 为为 宫宫 室室 之之 美美 为为 之之 ； 乡乡 为为 身身 死死 而而 不不 受受 ， 今今 为为 妻妻 妾妾 之之 奉奉 为为 之之 ； 乡乡 为为 身身 死死 而而 不不 受受 ， 今今 为为 所所 识识 穷穷 乏乏 者者 得得 我我 而而 为为 之之 。 是是 亦亦 不可不可 以以 已已 乎乎 ？ 此此 之之 谓谓 失失 其其 本本 心心 。
/ fish /
/ I / me /
/ actually / place /
/ desire / wish /
/ also / too /
/ bear paw (as food) /
/ also /
/ I / me /
/ actually / place /
/ desire / wish /
/ also / too /
/ both [of them] / neither /
/ cannot / should not / must not /
/ obtain / get / gain / proper / suitable / proud / contented / allow / permit / ready / finished /
/ double / twice / simultaneous / holding two or more (official) posts at the same time /
/ give up / abandon /
/ fish /
/ and / as well as / but (not) / yet (not) / (shows causal relation) / (shows change of state) / (shows contrast) /
/ to take / to get / to choose / to fetch /
/ bear paw (as food) /
/ -ist, -er (person) / person (who does sth) /
/ also / too /
/ to be born / to give birth / life / to grow /
/ I / me /
/ actually / place /
/ desire / wish /
/ also / too /
/ justice / righteousness / meaning /
/ also /
/ I / me /
/ actually / place /
/ desire / wish /
/ also / too /
/ both [of them] / neither /
/ cannot / should not / must not /
/ obtain / get / gain / proper / suitable / proud / contented / allow / permit / ready / finished /
/ double / twice / simultaneous / holding two or more (official) posts at the same time /
/ give up / abandon /
/ to be born / to give birth / life / to grow /
/ and / as well as / but (not) / yet (not) / (shows causal relation) / (shows change of state) / (shows contrast) /
/ to take / to get / to choose / to fetch /
/ justice / righteousness / meaning /
/ -ist, -er (person) / person (who does sth) /
/ also / too /
/ to be born / to give birth / life / to grow /
/ also /
/ I / me /
/ actually / place /
/ desire / wish /
/ actually / place /
/ desire / wish /
/ to have / there is / there are / to exist / to be /
/ what /
/ (surname) /
/ to be born / to give birth / life / to grow /
/ -ist, -er (person) / person (who does sth) /
/ happening / instance / reason / cause / deceased / old /
/ (negative prefix) / not / no /
/ act as / take...to be / to be / to do / to serve as / to become /
/ (surname) / if indeed / thoughtless /
/ obtain / get / gain / proper / suitable / proud / contented / allow / permit / ready / finished /
/ also / too /
/ to die / inpassable / uncrossable / inflexible / rigid /
/ also /
/ I / me /
/ actually / place /
/ nauseated /
/ actually / place /
/ nauseated /
/ to have / there is / there are / to exist / to be /
/ what /
/ (surname) /
/ the dead / those who died /
/ happening / instance / reason / cause / deceased / old /
/ misfortune / suffer (from illness) / trouble / danger / worry / to contract (a disease) /
/ somewhat / to some extent /
/ (negative prefix) / not / no /
/ avoid / shun / flee / escape / leave / to keep away / to leave / to hide /
/ also / too /
/ as (if) / such as /
/ to make / to cause / to enable / to use / to employ / messenger /
/ man / person / people /
/ (literary equivalent of 的) / (subor. part.) / him / her / it /
/ actually / place /
/ desire / wish /
/ do not / there is none who /
/ what /
/ (surname) /
/ to be born / to give birth / life / to grow /
/ (expresses contrast with a previous sentence or clause) / standard / norm / rule / to imitate / to follow / then / principle /
/ ordinary / every / all / whatever / worldly /
/ can / may / possible / able to /
/ obtain / get / gain / proper / suitable / proud / contented / allow / permit / ready / finished /
/ to be born / to give birth / life / to grow /
/ -ist, -er (person) / person (who does sth) /
/ (adv) why not /
/ to use /
/ also / too /
/ to make / to cause / to enable / to use / to employ / messenger /
/ man / person / people /
/ (literary equivalent of 的) / (subor. part.) / him / her / it /
/ actually / place /
/ nauseated /
/ do not / there is none who /
/ what /
/ (surname) /
/ the dead / those who died /
/ (expresses contrast with a previous sentence or clause) / standard / norm / rule / to imitate / to follow / then / principle /
/ ordinary / every / all / whatever / worldly /
/ can / may / possible / able to /
/ avoid / shun / flee / escape / leave / to keep away / to leave / to hide /
/ patient / sufferer /
/ (adv) why not /
/ act as / take...to be / to be / to do / to serve as / to become /
/ also / too /
/ follow / from / it is for...to / reason / cause / because of / due to / by / to / to leave it (to sb) /
/ is / are / am / yes / to be /
/ (expresses contrast with a previous sentence or clause) / standard / norm / rule / to imitate / to follow / then / principle /
/ to be born / to give birth / life / to grow /
/ and / as well as / but (not) / yet (not) / (shows causal relation) / (shows change of state) / (shows contrast) /
/ to have / there is / there are / to exist / to be /
/ need not /
/ also / too /
/ follow / from / it is for...to / reason / cause / because of / due to / by / to / to leave it (to sb) /
/ is / are / am / yes / to be /
/ (expresses contrast with a previous sentence or clause) / standard / norm / rule / to imitate / to follow / then / principle /
/ can / may / possible / able to /
/ avoid / shun / flee / escape / leave / to keep away / to leave / to hide /
/ misfortune / suffer (from illness) / trouble / danger / worry / to contract (a disease) /
/ and / as well as / but (not) / yet (not) / (shows causal relation) / (shows change of state) / (shows contrast) /
/ to have / there is / there are / to exist / to be /
/ (negative prefix) / not / no /
/ act as / take...to be / to be / to do / to serve as / to become /
/ also / too /
/ is / are / am / yes / to be /
/ happening / instance / reason / cause / deceased / old /
/ actually / place /
/ desire / wish /
/ to have / there is / there are / to exist / to be /
/ what /
/ (surname) /
/ to be born / to give birth / life / to grow /
/ -ist, -er (person) / person (who does sth) /
/ actually / place /
/ nauseated /
/ to have / there is / there are / to exist / to be /
/ what /
/ (surname) /
/ the dead / those who died /
/ non- / not- / un- /
/ alone / independent / single / sole / only /
/ worthy (person) /
/ -ist, -er (person) / person (who does sth) /
/ to have / there is / there are / to exist / to be /
/ is / are / am / yes / to be /
/ heart / mind /
/ also / too /
/ man / person / people /
/ all / each and every / in all cases /
/ to have / there is / there are / to exist / to be /
/ (literary equivalent of 的) / (subor. part.) / him / her / it /
/ worthy (person) /
/ -ist, -er (person) / person (who does sth) /
/ can / may / capable / energy / able /
/ do not /
/ mourning / funeral /
/ ear /
/ one / 1 / single / a / an / entire /
/ round basket for cooked rice /
/ animal feed / eat / food /
/ one / 1 / single / a / an / entire /
/ bean / peas /
/ soup /
/ obtain / get / gain / proper / suitable / proud / contented / allow / permit / ready / finished /
/ (literary equivalent of 的) / (subor. part.) / him / her / it /
/ (expresses contrast with a previous sentence or clause) / standard / norm / rule / to imitate / to follow / then / principle /
/ to be born / to give birth / life / to grow /
/ not /
/ obtain / get / gain / proper / suitable / proud / contented / allow / permit / ready / finished /
/ (expresses contrast with a previous sentence or clause) / standard / norm / rule / to imitate / to follow / then / principle /
/ to die / inpassable / uncrossable / inflexible / rigid /
/ to call / to cry / to shout / to breath out / to exhale /
/ thus / so / like that / you / thou /
/ and / as well as / but (not) / yet (not) / (shows causal relation) / (shows change of state) / (shows contrast) /
/ (interrog. part.) /
/ (literary equivalent of 的) / (subor. part.) / him / her / it /
/ a row / profession / professional /
/ direction / way / method / road / path / principle / truth / reason / skill / method / Tao (of Taoism) / a measure word / to say / to speak / to talk /
/ (literary equivalent of 的) / (subor. part.) / him / her / it /
/ man / person / people /
/ not /
/ to bear / to stand / to endure / (passive marker) / to receive /
/ carefully / kick / tread on / stamp /
/ thus / so / like that / you / thou /
/ and / as well as / but (not) / yet (not) / (shows causal relation) / (shows change of state) / (shows contrast) /
/ (interrog. part.) /
/ (literary equivalent of 的) / (subor. part.) / him / her / it /
/ beg /
/ man / person / people /
/ (negative prefix) / not / no /
/ crumbs / filings / worth while /
/ also / too /
万
/ Wan (surname) / ten thousand / a great number /
/ clock / time as measured in hours and minutes / bell /
/ (expresses contrast with a previous sentence or clause) / standard / norm / rule / to imitate / to follow / then / principle /
/ (negative prefix) / not / no /
/ distinguish / recognize /
/ gift / propriety / rite /
/ justice / righteousness / meaning /
/ and / as well as / but (not) / yet (not) / (shows causal relation) / (shows change of state) / (shows contrast) /
/ to bear / to stand / to endure / (passive marker) / to receive /
/ (literary equivalent of 的) / (subor. part.) / him / her / it /
/ Wan (surname) / ten thousand / a great number /
/ clock / time as measured in hours and minutes / bell /
/ (interrog. part.) /
/ I / me /
/ carry / what / how / why / which /
/ to add / plus /
/ where / how /
/ act as / take...to be / to be / to do / to serve as / to become /
/ palace /
/ room /
/ (literary equivalent of 的) / (subor. part.) / him / her / it /
/ America / beautiful /
/ wife /
/ concubine /
/ (literary equivalent of 的) / (subor. part.) / him / her / it /
/ to receive (from superior) / to offer / to revere /
/ actually / place /
/ to know / knowledge /
/ exhausted / poor /
/ short of / tired /
/ -ist, -er (person) / person (who does sth) /
/ obtain / get / gain / proper / suitable / proud / contented / allow / permit / ready / finished /
/ I / me /
/ (interrog. part.) /
/ country / village /
/ act as / take...to be / to be / to do / to serve as / to become /
/ body / torso / person / life / status / pregnancy / (a measure word used for clothes) suit /
/ to die / inpassable / uncrossable / inflexible / rigid /
/ and / as well as / but (not) / yet (not) / (shows causal relation) / (shows change of state) / (shows contrast) /
/ (negative prefix) / not / no /
/ to bear / to stand / to endure / (passive marker) / to receive /
/ today / modern / present / current / this / now /
/ act as / take...to be / to be / to do / to serve as / to become /
/ palace /
/ room /
/ (literary equivalent of 的) / (subor. part.) / him / her / it /
/ America / beautiful /
/ act as / take...to be / to be / to do / to serve as / to become /
/ (literary equivalent of 的) / (subor. part.) / him / her / it /
/ country / village /
/ act as / take...to be / to be / to do / to serve as / to become /
/ body / torso / person / life / status / pregnancy / (a measure word used for clothes) suit /
/ to die / inpassable / uncrossable / inflexible / rigid /
/ and / as well as / but (not) / yet (not) / (shows causal relation) / (shows change of state) / (shows contrast) /
/ (negative prefix) / not / no /
/ to bear / to stand / to endure / (passive marker) / to receive /
/ today / modern / present / current / this / now /
/ act as / take...to be / to be / to do / to serve as / to become /
/ wife /
/ concubine /
/ (literary equivalent of 的) / (subor. part.) / him / her / it /
/ to receive (from superior) / to offer / to revere /
/ act as / take...to be / to be / to do / to serve as / to become /
/ (literary equivalent of 的) / (subor. part.) / him / her / it /
/ country / village /
/ act as / take...to be / to be / to do / to serve as / to become /
/ body / torso / person / life / status / pregnancy / (a measure word used for clothes) suit /
/ to die / inpassable / uncrossable / inflexible / rigid /
/ and / as well as / but (not) / yet (not) / (shows causal relation) / (shows change of state) / (shows contrast) /
/ (negative prefix) / not / no /
/ to bear / to stand / to endure / (passive marker) / to receive /
/ today / modern / present / current / this / now /
/ act as / take...to be / to be / to do / to serve as / to become /
/ actually / place /
/ to know / knowledge /
/ exhausted / poor /
/ short of / tired /
/ -ist, -er (person) / person (who does sth) /
/ obtain / get / gain / proper / suitable / proud / contented / allow / permit / ready / finished /
/ I / me /
/ and / as well as / but (not) / yet (not) / (shows causal relation) / (shows change of state) / (shows contrast) /
/ act as / take...to be / to be / to do / to serve as / to become /
/ (literary equivalent of 的) / (subor. part.) / him / her / it /
/ is / are / am / yes / to be /
/ also /
/ cannot / should not / must not /
/ to use / according to / so as to / in order to / by / with / because / Israel (abbrev.) /
/ already / to stop / then / afterwards /
/ (interrog. part.) /
/ this / these /
/ (literary equivalent of 的) / (subor. part.) / him / her / it /
/ speak of /
/ to lose / to miss / to fail /
/ his / her / its / theirs / that / such / it (refers to sth preceding it) /
/ roots or stems of plants / origin / source / this / the current / root / foundation / basis / (a measure word) /
/ heart / mind /
Translation:
Fish, I desire it; bear's paw, I also desire it. If I cannot have them both, I will give up the fish in favor of the bear's paw. Life, I desire it, virtue, I also desire it. If I cannot have them both, I will give up life in favor of virtue. Life is something that I desire, but I have a greater desire for something other than life, so I will not betray my principles. Death is something that I loathe, but I have a greater loathing for something other than death, so when faced with death I will not always flee. If a person does not have a desire that is greater than the desire for life, what prevents one from using any means to survive? If a person does not have a loathing that is greater than the loathing of death, what prevents one from using any means to flee death? There are ways to survive, but some do not use them; there are ways to avoid death, but some will not do that. This is because they have things that they desire more than life, they have things that they loathe more than death. Worthy people are not the only ones who have those values, all people have them, but only the worthy ones managed to act without losing those values. A bowl of rice, a bowl of soup, obtaining them will allow one to live, failing to obtain them will result in death (by starvation). Yell at the people to eat, and those passing by will refuse; step on the food that you are offering, and the beggars will refuse to touch it.
Some saw the wealth of an office and they accepted without regard for propriety and ethics, what good will the wealth of an office do for me? For a beautiful house, for the concubines' attentions, for the impoverished people to revere me? There used to be people who would rather die than to accept (something morally wrong), now some are willing to accept for a beautiful house; there used to be people who would rather die than to accept, now some are willing to accept for the concubines' attentions; there used to be people who would rather die than to accept, now some are willing to accept for the impoverished people to revere them. Shouldn't this kind of behavior be stopped? This kind of behavior shows a lack of human morals.
鱼我所欲也-中文翻译英文
Translated from Chinese to English by HM68.COM
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